i Tamàra- ¿Patàte kames?
i Bibi- Te avile ël ćhave amença, śaj vàzden ëkh gono patàte, 10 kìle. Thaj nakhas k-o gavutno te las thud, khil haj kiral. Sï ëkh nevo, sǎ i vràma anel but laćho kiral.
i Tamàra- ¿Ël avera khërutne, sar o lon, o gulǎrno, ël morǎ sï tut?
i Bibi- Va, lon sï man, palem śukar sï te las ëkh gonorro. Agordinǒl sig o lon. Gulǎrno sï. Morǎ ame ći xas but, śukar sï kërade maseça, korkorreça – ama ći xas but. Ame o mas xas les peko or rroj, zumi, na kirado sado.
i Tamàra- Zet?
i Bibi- La salataqë, va. Aćhile trin śtar rroja and-i tuśni, musaj te kinas, zetujenqo zet.
i Tamàra- Vov sï o ćaćo zet, ël zetenqo thagar...
i Bibi- Va, sumnakuno zet sï... Palem śukar sï vi la kolzaqo.
i Tamàra- A o mas?
i Bibi- O mas, sǎ kadala muja, sï te las guruvano – ëkh baro kotor, te pekav and-o bov – duj trinvar te xas. Las vi ëkh aver khajni te ovel amen rezèrva. Kon ʒanel kon śaj avel? Śukar te arakhas goja jale te pekas patatença.
i Tamàra- Va, thaj me andem tumenqë śuke goja thuvǎrde, so kërel amaro paśatuno k-i Bìstrica. Sï vi ëkh kotor ćamb haj thulevas ël kakosqë, ʒanav so plaćal lesqë – sï opre and-o gono.
i Bibi- Dikh, avel o brśind, av te kidas ël gada te ći suslǒn haj prastas te kinas...
i Tamàra- Praza, śaxa, karòte, spanàkǎ, brokolǎ ¿ći les?
i Bibi- Ël spanàkǎ sï but kuć akana: les duj kìle a iklǒl tuqë burral ëkh muśtek xamos. Ama uśti ćhej, uśti te kidas ël gada. Le i zèleno phandado balaj, ël plastikosqi. Me kidav so daśtiv anda kadaja bradǐ....
Today's topic >>
Click here to highlight a series of nouns denoting things (including a hen, probably gutted, thus also an object) >>These things UNDERGO the action expressed by the verb: lav jekh lil, kerav i lìsta, andǒm sira etc... Whereas in such a fonction nouns denoting humans and other mammals are in the B-ćham, note that nouns denoting things are all in the A-ćham, just as if they were subject of the clause. In addition, all nouns after prepositions (such as kathar- from, k- at, p- on, pal- after and all others) are also in the A-ćham. The whole situation may be summarized as follows:
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Function
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Humans & mammals
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Things & ideas
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Doing the action (subject)
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A-ćham
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A-ćham
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After preposition
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A-ćham
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A-ćham
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Undergoing the action (object)
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B-ćham
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A-ćham
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Linked to a postposition
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B-ćham
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B-ćham
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or from another perspective:
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Humans and mammals
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Things and ideas
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direct construction
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subject
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object
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subject
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object
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A-ćham
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B-ćham
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A-ćham
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A-ćham
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indirect construction
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after prep.
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with post.
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after prep.
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with post.
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A-ćham
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B-ćham
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A-ćham
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B-ćham
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The same situation exists in North Indian languages.
Accordingly, the B-ćham of things and ideas occur ONLY linked to postpositions and NEVER by themselves. When such a form is quoted teaching or linguistic purpose, it is followed by a tilde indicating this limitation; thus the B-ćham of amal is quoted as amales, but the B-ćham of lil will be liles~ (in dictionaries also).
As far a non-mammals are concerned (from ants to birds), they are treated variously depending on the local vernacular: either like superior animals, either like things – we have the same kind of variation exist in North Indian languages, fluctuating between the East and the West.
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The expression of quantity is put as a rule in Rromani in the A-ćham:
ëkh gono phabaja, duj taxtaja paj, ëkh kotor lil, trin śere śax.
