i Bibi- Ah, avilǎn? Sar sutǎn? Sar uśtilǎn?
i Tamàra- Te phenav tuqe, na śukar. Dekatar-o duj, na phandlǒm i jakh. Akana àkeso lilǒm jekh jakh lìndra.
i Bibi- Sosqe? So sine tut? ¿Nasvalilǎn?
i Tamàra- Na ʒanav, pakǎv. K-o duj jekhaθar dukhandilo but mo śero, izdràndilo mo trùpi. I dukh ʒangavdǎs man bum bum bum and-i godi.
i Bibi- Sosqe na akhardǎn man? Laʒàndilǎn?
i Tamàra- Na, ama sosqe te akharav sas tut? Te phùrdes sas man?
i Bibi- Akhares sas man mi ćhaj, kerav sas tuqe ćàjo ja dav sas tut jekh tablèta, na ʒanav. Nane laʒ te nasavlǒs. So kames te pies?
i Tamàra- Na, ov sasti, darav te piav, darav vi te xav. Sinom sas anda jekh pharo suno, ov dukhavdǎs mo śero, pakǎv. Phirav sas jekhe dromesθe, kana jekhaθar i phuv lilǎs te phundal angla manθe, sar phundal i derǎv, ama sine i phuv, me logav sas p-o than, ka perav sas, jekhaθar puzgandilǒm aj putardǒm o jakha. Ʒungale ʒivutre sapan sas trujal manθe, brrr! Pànda ʒungav lenθar.
i Bibi- ¿Xalǎn vareso bilaćho eratǐ? ¿Avel sas tut ćhadipen?
i Tamàra- Na, sadaj xasàndilǒm pakǎv 20 minùte, naśti lav sas ogi. Taslilǒm, ʒangàvdilǒm katar-o xas, tasavel sas man thaj and-o suno tasavdilǒm and-i ćik i melali. Devl!a, so pharo ʒungalo suno. Aj mo śero – savi dukh!
Today's topic 1 >>
The forms of the basic past tense of A-class verbs are to some extend similar to the table of the verbs coined on an adjectval basis (see padmad 18), except that there is no adjective in the role of a verbal pivot:
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active voice
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verbal pivot
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pass-refl. voice
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present tense
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////
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K + Āl
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lacking (in most cases)
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basic past tense
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////
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K + àndil + Ās
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* Remember the note in padmad 18, topic 1 or
GR click here for more information.
The following tables make visible these forms on the examples of laʒal and pakǎl.
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sing.
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plural
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sing.
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plural
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1st
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laʒav
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laʒas
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pakǎv
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pakǎs
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2nd
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laʒas
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laʒan
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pakǎs
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pakǎn
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3rd
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laʒal
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laʒan
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pakǎl
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pakǎn
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and basic past tense:
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1st
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laʒàndilǒm
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laʒàndilǎm
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pakǎndilǒm
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pakǎndilǎm
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2nd
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laʒàndilǎn
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laʒàndilen
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pakǎndilǎn
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pakǎndilen
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3rd
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laʒàndilǎs
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laʒàndile
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pakǎndilǎs
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pakǎndile
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laʒàndilo/-i
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pakǎndilo/-i
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Click here to highlight examples in textAll these verbs may be used in the continuous and previous past tenses: laʒav sas, pakǎndilǎn sas.
Although the verbs: ʒal, xal, azbal and gilabal (local) belong to the A-class in the present tense, they don't follow this pattern in the basic past, as tabulated below:
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1st
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gelǒm
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gelǎm
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xalǒm
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xalǎm
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2nd
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gelǎn
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gelen
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xalǎn
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xalen
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3rd
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gelǎs
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gele
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xalǎs
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xale
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gelo/-i
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Conversely, some verbs belong to the E-class in the present but follow the passive-reflexive pattern in the past, as examplified below with avel and uśtel:
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1st
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avilǒm
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avilǎm
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uśtilǒm
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uśtilǎm
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2nd
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avilǎn
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avilen
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uśtilǎn
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uśtilen
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3rd
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avilǎs
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avile
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uśtilǎs
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uśtile
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avilo/-i
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uśtilo/-i
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Click here to highlight examples in text
Today's topic 2 >>
Rromani imperative has a past tense, which is identical with the continuous past:
akhares sas man you were calling me (continuous past) or you should have called me (imperative past tense). The projective with te is also encountered in the past: na sine sar te akharav sas tut there was no way to call you.
Idioms and proverbs >>
te phùrdes sas man? refers to the traditional folk healing practice consisting in blowing onto a sick baby through various things (salt, broom fibers etc.) and evokes unsuccessful endeavours to help somebody.
