i Marìka- Siklilǒm k-o kùrsi so o ćhavorro, o bèbe, siklǒl pe diaqi ćhib katar-o raćipe, katar-o blablabla khanćesqe, na katar-o ćaće barvale informàcie... Vi akava si vasno... vaś-e ćhibǎqi transmìsia, dienθar xurdenqe. Odolesθar naśti te prastaves o blablabla sar phenes...
i Bibi- Den man śand, khinilǒm. Khinǎren man kana bikinen godi... Fededer aven sol duj te den man vast kaj te ćhućhǎras o gone aj i sevli. Dikhen, xale so xale o ćhave, na vazdinde o ćare. Pakǎn so si te vazdinǒn kòrkorre, magiaça... ¿Kana ka siklǒn te kànden aj te na mukhen jonʒipen pala pumenθe?
i Tamàra- Mukh te barǒn, akana, kana bokhalǒn, kalǒn lenqe jakha, xan so xan, aj bistren sa palal.
i Bibi- Ʒi kana si te barǒn?? Nane bare? O Màrko kerel pes baśno angl-o raklia... Mukh akate i sevli. Ake so andǎm: phera aj zarzavàte – ake ambrola, nane but kovle a na sine avera, jekh balanǒrri phabaja... Śtar kotora. Na sine laćhe. Artificiàlo.
i Tamàra- Sosqe na lilǎn kiràśǎ?
i Bibi- ¿Na dikhlǎn so sine sa kerne? Gelo tar uć lenqo samaj. Pherdǒm akava gono praska, nektarìne aj khilàfǎ – o palutne e nilajesqe, manglǒm vi zambara... na sine. Lilǒm vi kale drakha.
i Marìka- Sar and-i gili: duj kale jakha sar duj kale drakha... sadaj te na oven śutale.
i Bibi- Na, akana si peke śukares...
i Marìka- Phenav e jakhenqe, te na śutalǒn – śutalǒn o gudledera jakha kana śudrǒl o kamipen...
i Bibi- Aha, śutale... kon ʒanel... Thaj o duj xelǎ so dindǎs amen i gaʒi, o duj palutne xas. Lǒm vi duj krastavice e salataqe. Mukh te oven...
Today's topic 1 >>
Since the verbal pivot fonctions like a participle, which may be seen in some respects as an adjective, conversely adjectives may give birth to passive-reflexive verbal forms, on the same pattern as in padmad 15 – the only difference been the lack of active voice:
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active voice
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adjective
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pass-refl. voice
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present tense
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K + ǒv + Ēl
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buxlo or tang type adj.
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basic past tense
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K + il + Ās
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On the exemple of buxlo and tang, we may tabulate the verbs derived from them in the present tense:
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buxlo
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tang
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sing.
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plural
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sing.
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plural
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1st
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buxlǒvav
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buxlǒvas
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tangǒvav
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tangǒvas
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2nd
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buxlǒs
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buxlǒn
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tangǒs
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tangǒn
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3rd
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buxlǒl
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buxlǒn
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tangǒl
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tangǒn
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The basic past is built as above but emphasis should be put on the fact that in a wide area, mainly in the Balkan, the -ǎs ending of the 3rd person sing. (basic past) is replaced by the ending of the buxlo type ajectives: masc. -o, fem. -i. This specificity decreases progressively when shifting to the North and in many places both forms (-ǎs and -o/-i) coexist.
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buxlo
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tang
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sing.
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plural
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sing.
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plural
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1st
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buxlilǒm
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buxlilǎm
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tangilǒm
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tangilǎm
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2nd
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buxlilǎn
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buxlilen
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tangilǎn
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tangilen
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3rd
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buxlilǎs
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buxlile
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tangilǎs
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tangile
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3rd
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buxlilo/-i
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buxlile
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tangilo/-i
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tangile
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Click here to highlight the examples in the text >>
Today's topic 2 >>
Beside their comparative meaning more [such and such] (in -eder, see padmad 6), Rromani adjectives have also a form called superlative and rendering the highest degree of the meaning they convey among various similar idems, namely the most [such and such]. It is formed through planting the article in front of the comparative, producing the following gradation:
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bare adjective
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comparative (more)
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superlative (the most)
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ućo [kher]
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ućeder [kher]
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o ućeder [kher]
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gudle [jakha]
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gudledera [jakha]
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o gudledera [jakha]
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The superlative as well as the comparative follow the tang pattern of adjectives and as such may take an optional a-ending in the plural.
An obsolete form in -ester (ućester, gudlester) is still encountered among Sinte, possibly preserved by the existence of a resembling form in German (-este).
