i Tamàra- Alo, Mamo! Tu san ?
i dej- O mi ćhej! So këres ? Sar nakhës ?
i Tamàra- Śukar sem, so këren tume ?
i dej- Khanć, beśas…
i Tamàra- Sar sï o pàpu ?
i dej- O pàpu sar pàpu! Ëkh pàpu sï amen: xalav les, xelǎr les, śukǎr les k-o kham – vov sï…
i Tamàra- Ʒanav mi dej, ama tuqë phares…
i dej- So te kërav.. Barem sï les humòri… A tu, so këres ? Sem griźome tuqë… Darav tuqë, kaj san dur haj kòrkorri.
i Tamàra- Na dara, ći sem ćhejorri cïkni, ći mekav ël ʒuklen te xan mïnri rovli… Haj kathe sï vi i bibi Dùda.
i dej- Śukar phenes, ama ʒukëla sï but aděs… Vi o pàpu daral tuqë. Ćaćes savorre akate daras haj xas xoli tuqë. Ći pakǎs man ?
i Tamàra- Pakǎv, sar te na. Xal tumen i dar haj izdran savorre manqë… Naśti hurǎn tar sar ël ćirikle, naśti prastan sar ël śośoja. So këren me darutne manuśa ? Beśen haj izdran p-o than…
i dej- Na, mi ćhej, na asa amença. Naj tut ćhave, naśti hatǎres…
i Tamàra- Ʒanav, kërav pherǎs… Kon asal haj gilabal anel loś and-o khër, na ?
i dej- Ćaćimos sï tut… Lośavav kana tut aśunav sar asas. Haj phen akana, so sï nevo othe ? Aśta, marel manuś k-o udar - ʒav te dikhav…
Today's topic 1 >>
verb > A-class > present > singular
click and you will see all present singular of verbs:
in yellow first person in green second person
in blue third person.
click and you will see all present plural of verbs:
in yellow first person
in green second person
in blue third person.
You may notice the forms are very simple: all with vowel a instead of the alternance a/e/e in E-class verbs (this set of endings will be be further symbolized as Āl):
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singular
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plural
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1-to
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-av
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-as
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2-to
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-as
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-an
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3-to
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-al
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-an
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There are in Rromani altogether some 30 A-class verbs (list in GR); all others are E-class. There is no infinitive in common Rromani; therefore, the reference form of verbs in dictionaries is the 3rd singular of the present tense, which allows to identify if the verb at stake belongs to the E-class or the A-class.
ZU Click to exercise >>
Today's topic 2 >>
verb > E-class & A-class > imperative
click and you will see the imperative forms used in this padmad. Remember also other infinitives in the previous padmadǎ: aʒukër!, dikh!, akhar!, phen!. To form the imperative
- most E-class verbs just drop the ending for the singular indicative, while the plural is in -en like the affirmative verb
- verbs with an accent (ròdel, vàzdel) use a final -e : rode! vazde!
- some verbs (to be seen later) use a final -i : ukli! climb, go up!
- A-class verbs just end with the -a- of the ending for the singular indicative, while the plural is in -an like the affirmative verb: dara be afraid! asa! laugh!
The word for interdiction is ma (don't in forbidding):
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singular:
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na aʒukër! don't wait!
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na dikh! don't look!
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na asa! don't laugh!
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plural:
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na aʒukëren! don't wait!
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na dikhen! don't look!
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na asan! don't laugh!
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Idioms and proverbs >>
a) to express that one person (more seldom a thing) remains changeless, one says:
thov les, xelǎr les, buxlǎr les k-o kham – vov si lo
feminine
thov la, xelǎr la, buxlǎr la k-o kham – voj si li.
b) I can manage with intruders is rendered by ći mekav ël ʒuklen te xan mi rovli.
