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Superdial. E mutaciaça

10-to padmad video

i Bibi- Vi ćaćes, sï len and-o rat pakǎv... Meren te oven hurǎde, laćhǎrde, morrade, xande ʒi k-o palutno bal...
i Tamàra- Ami tu, ći san vi tu ëkh rat lença? ¿Phires tu and-o foro bihurǎdi sar kuklin, bilaćhǎrdi, bixandi haj vi bimakhli? Sar aśtis te akuśes len? A palem ćaćes: o akuślo akuśel tut aděs...
i Bibi- Ći akuśav len, me ʒuvli sem... Aver sï i ʒuvli, aver sï o murś... Sar te ovel, kërav sar kamav, naj te pućhav tumen. Haj naj te beśas akate savorro děs. Phendem tumenqë so o śudarno sï ćhućho, sï te pheras les kaj te ovel pherdo...
i Tamàra- Kaj kames te ʒas maj anglal aděs: k-o xamos or te ʒas te kinas tiraxa ël ćhavenqë? Te kamlǎn, ʒas k-o Letapokin: sï vi xamos haj vi tiraxa haj gada.
i Bibi- Na, xamos kinav k-o bazàri, phendem tuqë, haj k-o Letapokin naj laćho mangin, sï sǎ katar-i Kìna: aděs kindo, tehàra or over pharrado... Ći sem kadikita barvali, kaj te kinav bikuć.
i Tamàra- Haj vi tu aćhilǎn palal! Sǎ sï aděs kërdo te na trail but haj te kines palem haj palem... Kin kaj te kames, naśti prinʒares so sï laćho, so sï devruś.
i Bibi- Palem, sï man prinʒardo gaʒo, o tiraxno pal-i khangëri, sï but bërś so bikinel manqë laćhe tiraxa, śuźe, zurale, bixoxade, sar kamav me.
i Tamàra- Mi kamli bibi, trais anda ëkh aver lùmia. Akana sǎ ʒal tar, hurǎl, pft naśel sar i balval... haj vi maj sig...

Today's topic 1 >>

verb > PPP
E-class verbs generate a specific form, called verbal pivot, with very extensive fonctions in Rromani.

Click here to highlight the verbal pivots in today's text >>

The main function of this form is the equivalent of English participle:
kinel to buy > kindo bought
dikhël to see > dikhlo seen.
Note that there is no infinitive (the English to-form) in Rromani and that the "quoting (or dictionary) form" of the verb is the 3rd person singular of its present tense.
The verbal pivot is coined in the following way:

state of the verb

d after verb stems
ending in -r, -n, -v, -l

ending of the buxlo type adjective

l after verb stems
ending in -s, , -m, , -ćh, -k, -kh

Only one verb have an irregular pivot in -t: sovel to sleep > suto asleep, while another one, namely rovel to cry, has both a regular pivot rovdo, rodo cried, and an alternative form rujo.
Switch to the exercice on ZU and form as many verbal pivots as you can! >>
Note that the verbal pivot may be used as a noun: o akuślo the one who is/has been blamed, i kamli the beloved (female), duj ćalade two persons who are struck (and therefore stupid).

Today's topic 2 >>

The negative prefix bi-
a) it can be used with a handfull of adjectives to express their contrary:
laćho good > bilaćho bad
kuć expensive (sometimes dear; late, deceased among Sinte) > bikuć cheap
xor deep > bixor shallow
uźo pure (of water, flour) > biuźo impure (also an euphemism for Beng the Devil).
b) it is very often used with verbal pivots to express their contrary:
morravel to shave > morravdo shaved > bimorravdo unshaved
xanel to comb > xando combed > bixando not combed (rather than uncombed)
urǎvel to dress > urǎvdo dressed > biurǎvdo not dressed (rather than undressed)
kamel to want, to love > kamlo beloved > bikamlo unwanted, disliked.

Idioms and proverbs >>

The proverb o akuślo akuśel tut aděs means that persons doing wrong are [today] the first ones to blame others.
Si len and-o rat & andar ëkh rat lença : the word rat blood is used colloquially and metaphorically for (extended) family, tribe, nation, atavism or race in its trivial meaning, whereas the word ràsa is used in a political context for the last meaning.