i Marìka- O kàko Olivèri? Na, ći dikhlem man leça.
i Tamàra- Kon mothodǎs tuqë? Kasθar aśundǎn?
i Marìka- La Lizaθar aśundem so avilǎn, phendǎsas laqë laqi dej.
i Tamàra- Kasqi dej? La Lizaqi dej?
i Marìka- Va, voj kërel butǐ and-i cirdelin haj othe dikhlǎsas tut.
i Tamàra- Dikh o rromano telefòno!! Naśti te këres khanć poćorǎl, bidikhli, bisamalini, haj vi bipukadi, sǎ i vràma sï manuśa te dikhën or te aśunen tut...
i Bibi- Kana "o veś sï les kana, thaj i alinʒ i bari sï la jakha – dikhël dur" sar phenel pes – and-o foro na pućh.. Aśtil pes te ginen pen sǎ ël jakha haj ël kana and-o foro?
i Tamàra- Palem ćudav: pakǎv so ël manuśa maj but raćen tumenθe and-o foro desar and-o gav!
i Marìka- Sï normàlo te raćen ël manuśa. Naśti te putren o muj nùmaj te phenen vareso vasno, seriòzo, intelektuàlo... Kana des dùma ël averença, ćaćes mothoves vareso so dikhlǎn or aśundǎn, kodolesqë kë maj angle phende sas tuqë, ama vi andar-o blablabla kërel pes amalimos, paśimos. Zuralǒl ël ʒenenqi relàcia. Thaj maśkar śel duj śel lava so aśunes, kon ʒanel, ëkh śaj te del tut ëkh interesànto tuqë informàcia... But informàcie so rodiem sas kurkënça, arakhlem len agore and-o raćimos haj o divàno so phenes tu khanćesqë.
i Tamàra- Ći ʒanav, ći birav ël manuśen so den dùma la balvalǎqë...
i Bibi- Haj so këren tume akana??
Today's topic 1 >>
The previous past tense indicates an action which had been completed before another one in the past.
Click here to highlight the examples in the text >>
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CONSTATATIVE TENSES
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basic past
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present
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PROJECTIVE TENSES
futures:
(particles+present)
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previous past (present+as)
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>>>>>
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continuous past (basic past + as)
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or with the example of the verb dikhël:
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CONSTATATIVE TENSES
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dikhlem
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dikhav
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PROJECTIVE TENSES
futures:
ka dikhav, si te dikhav, śaj [te] dikhav...
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dikhlèmas
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>>>>>
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dikhàvas
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The plain future is made by means of a particle which stands:
- right before the verbs (particle ka) in most vernaculars especially in the Balkan,
- or right after the verb (particle a) in other areas.
GR Click for more details >>
The projective expressions si te, śaj te, daśtil te, naśti te or simply te belong to the family of the future (the te of śaj te, naśti te is most often dropped in colloquial speech).
In areas where the majority language, at least in its colloquial form, lacks the previous past and/or the continuous past, the local Rromani vernacular have also lost them.
As far as the copula to be is concerned, the table is much simpler (three tenses):
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CONSTATATIVE TENSES
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lacking
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dikhav
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PROJECTIVE TENSES
futures:
ka ovav, si te ovav, śaj [te] ovav...
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lacking
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>>>>>
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sèmas
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Today's topic 2 >>
To summarize let us tabulate the forms of the interrogative pronoun denoting a person (left) and a thing (right):
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A-ćham
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ko?
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who?
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so?
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what?
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B-ćham
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kas?
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whom?
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lacking
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B-që
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kas-që?
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for whom?
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sos-që?
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litt. for what?
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B-ça
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*kas-ça > ka-ça?
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with whom?
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*sos-ça > so-ça?
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with what?
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B-qo, -qi, -qe
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kas-qo, -qi, -qe?
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whose?
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lacking
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B-θe
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kas-θe?
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at/to whom?
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sos-θe?
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at/to what?
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B-θar
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kas-θar?
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from whom?
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sos-θar?
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litt. from what?
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You probably remember Kasqi ćhej san tu? (padmad 2) – a structure now clarified.
The forms sosqë and sosθar mean almost always why.
Idioms and proverbs >>
The proverb quoted by the aunt correspond to EN the walls have ears (US variant during WWII Loose lips sink ships).
