i Marìka- Siklilem k-o kùrsi so o ćhavorro, o bèbe, siklǒl pe diaqi ćhib katar-o raćimos, katar-o blablabla khanćesqë, na katar-ël ćaće barvale informàcie... Vi akava sï vasno... vaś-la ćhibǎqi transmìsia, dienθar xurdenqë. Kodolesθar naśti te prastaves o blablabla sar phenes...
i Bibi- Den man pàća, khiilem. Khinǎren man kana bikinen godǐ... Maj feder aven le duj te den man vast kaj te ćhućhǎras ël gone haj i sevli. Dikhën, xale so xale ël ćhave, ći vazdine ël ćare. Pakǎn so sï te vazdinǒn kòrkorre, magiaça.. Kana ka siklǒn te kànden haj te na meken jonʒimos pala penθe?
i Tamàra- Mek te barǒn, akana, kana bokhalǒn, kalǒn lenqë jakha, xan so xan, haj bistren sǎ palal.
i Bibi- Ʒi kana sï te barǒn?? Naj bare? O Màrko kërel pes baśno angl-o raklia... Mek akate i sevli. Ita so andǎm: phera haj legùme – ita ambrola, naj but kovle a nas avera, ëkh balanǒrri phabaja...
i Tamàra- Sosqë ći lilǎn kiràśǎ ?
i Bibi- ¿Ći dikhlǎn so sas sǎ kirne? Naj uć lenqo samaj. Pherdem akava gono praska haj khilàfǎ, haj vi cëra zambara – sï ël palutne ël samajesqë... Liem vi kale drakha.
i Marìka- Sar and-i gili: duj kale jakha sar duj kale drakha... nùmaj te na oven śutale.
i Bibi- Na, akana sï peke śukares...
i Marìka- Phenav ël jakhënqë, te na śutalǒn – śutalǒn ël maj gugle jakha kana śudrǒl o kamimos...
i Bibi- Aha, śutale.. ko ʒanel... Haj ël duj xelǎ so dias amen i gaʒi, ël duj palune sas. Liem vi duj xire la salataqe. Mek te oven...
Today's topic 1 >>
Since the verbal pivot fonctions like a participle, which may be seen in some respects as an adjective, conversely adjectives may give birth to passive-reflexive verbal forms, on the same pattern as in padmad 15 – the only difference been the lack of active voice:
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active voice
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adjective
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pass-refl. voice
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present tense
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////
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K + iv + Ēl
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buxlo or tang type adj.
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basic past tense
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K + il + Ās
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On the exemple of buxlo and tang, we may tabulate the verbs derived from them in the present tense:
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buxlo
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tang
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sing.
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plural
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sing.
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plural
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1st
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buxlivav
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buxlivas
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tangivav
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tangivas
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2nd
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buxlěs
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buxlěn
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tangěs
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tangěn
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3rd
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buxlěl
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buxlěn
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tangěl
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tangěn
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The basic past is built as above but emphasis should be put on the fact that in a wide area, mainly in the Balkan, the -ǎs ending of the 3rd person sing. (basic past) is replaced by the ending of the buxlo type ajectives: masc. -o, fem. -i. This specificity decreases progressively when shifting to the North and in many places both forms (-ǎs and -o/-i) coexist.
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buxlo
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tang
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sing.
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plural
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sing.
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plural
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1st
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buxlilem
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buxlilǎm
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tangilem
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tangilǎm
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2nd
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buxlilǎn
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buxlilen
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tangilǎn
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tangilen
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3rd
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buxlilǎs
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buxlile
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tangilǎs
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tangile
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3rd
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buxlilo/-i
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buxlile
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tangilo/-i
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tangile
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Click here to highlight the examples in the text >>
Today's topic 2 >>
Beside their comparative meaning more [such and such] (in -maj, see padmad 6), Rromani adjectives have also a form called superlative and rendering the highest degree of the meaning they convey among various similar idems, namely the most [such and such]. It is formed through planting the article in front of the comparative, producing the following gradation:
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bare adjective
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comparative (more)
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superlative (the most)
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ućo [kher]
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maj ućo [khër]
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o maj ućo [khër]
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gugle [jakha]
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maj gugle [jakha]
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o maj gugle [jakha]
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The superlative as well as the comparative follow the tang pattern of adjectives and as such may take an optional a-ending in the plural.
An obsolete form in -ester (ućester, guglester) is still encountered among Sinte, possibly preserved by the existence of a resembling form in German (-este).
