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Superdial. E mutaciaça

3-to padmad video

(I Tamàra avel k-i bibi khëre, k-i Dùda, so beśel and-o fòro)
i Bibi- ¿ Avilǎn Maro ? So kërdǎn ? ¿ Arakhlǎn o than kaj kërel butǐ tǐ amalin ?
i Tamàra- Arakhlem o than, kola ći arakhlem, nas k-i butǐ aděs. Trobul te ʒav palem o aver kurko, luine. Sas ëkh Rrom phuro othe, o udarno.
i Bibi- E śukar. Haj tu so këres akana ? Te kamlǎn, av mança te kinas o xamos.
i Tamàra- Katar kinen o xamos tume ?
i Bibi- O manrro k-o bov, sï ëkh gaʒo – kërel but laćho manrro a o mas haj o aver xamos aćaral kinas katar-i piàca, naj but kuć thaj but Rroma gavutne bikinen othe. Anen laćhe prodùkte.
i Tamàra- Haj ame so las ?
i Bibi- Dikh, o śudarno sï ćhućho, naj khanć andre, nùmaj ëkh khajni paxome haj śtar-panʒ anrre… Sï te kinas sǎ haj te vàzdas sǎ…
i Tamàra- Avav vi me – śaj te vàzdas duj ʒene, na ?
i Bibi- Te aven vi ël ćhave. Ći ʒanav kaj phiren kadala duj bengale!
i Tamàra- Sï opre, khëlen opre, k-o playstation…
i Bibi- Akhar len te aven haj te vàzden vi von… Vasta pïnre sï len…
i Tamàra- Ïnklǎv te anav len, ći aśunen kana khëlen, ćhuven ël kanafònǎ k-o kan haj bistren amari lùmia…

Today's topic 1 >>

In fact there are two classes of verbs in Rromani: the E-class and the A-class. Let us have a look to the plural of the present of E-class verbs:
verb > E-class > present > plural
click and you will see all present plural of verbs:

in yellow first person
in green second person
in blue third person.

More >>

You know now all present endings of E-class verb (this set of endings will be be further symbolized as Ēl):

singular

plural

1-to

-av

-as

2-to

-es

-en

3-to

-el

-en


ZU Click to exercise >>

The si te form: if you put si te in front of a verb in the present tense, you get a implicit future expressing a need, a requirement, a logical conclusion: Si te kinas sa haj te vàzdas sa we have to buy everything and to carry everything. It can be used also with the meaning of a regular future. The negative is naj te (naj te aven they will not come). A comparable construction, daśtil te (or simply śaj) expresses the ability, capacity, opportunity, freedom to... Daśtiv te ʒav I can/may go. The negative is naśti: naśti te vàzdas akavawe cannot/may not lift this.



Today's topic 2 >>

Questions
In Rromani some questions contain a question word (underlined in the examples): So këres? What are you doing? or Kaj kinen o xamos tumen? Where do you buy food?
Other questions do not and the role of intonation is then pivotal to distinguish them from affirmations. In written, if the question is short, the reader warned by the question mark at once, but if the question is long, one may be mislead and realize too late it was a question. This is why the Spanish practice of putting an upside-down question mark at the beginning of the question has been introduced into Rromani.
Compare:
- But manuśa këren butǐ kathe. Many people are employed here.
- ¿ But manuśa këren butǐ kathe ? Are many people employed here?
This rule is very convenient in texts expressing ideas more elaborated than everyday small talk. To write it with your key-board, just press AltGr+Shift and the ?/ key.

Today's topic 3 >>

Calling females
When calling females whose names ends in -a, most Rromani vernaculars turn this -a into -o: Mara > Maro! Silvàna > Silvano! This ending may be used also for the handful of feminine common names in -o denoting human beings or animals likely to be called (except in poetry): Blakìca black woman > Blakico, kanzùra hedgehog > kanzuro! (to a poorly combed person), furtùna storm, tempest > furtuno! (poetic).