e Marìka- O kàko Olivèri? Na, na dikhlǒm man leça.
e Tamàra- Ko phendǎs tuqe? Kasθar śundǎn?
e Marìka- E Lizaθar śundǒm so avilǎn, phendǎhas laqe laqi dej.
e Tamàra- Kasqi dej? E Lizaqi dej?
e Marìka- Va, voj kerel butǐ and-e cirdelǐn taj othe dikhlǎs tut.
e Tamàra- Dikh o rromano telefòno!! Naśtǐg te keres khanći ćoral, bidikhlǐ, bisamalǐni, taj vi bipukavdi, sòfora hi manuśa te dikhen ja te śunen tut...
e lala- Kana "o veś hi les kana, taj e alǐnʒ e bari hi la jakha – dikhel dur" sar phenel pes – and-o foro ma pućh.. ¿Śaj ginen pen sa o jakha taj o kana and-e diz?
e Tamàra- Paleś ćudav: patǎv so o manuśa buter raćen tumenθe and-o foro desar and-o gav!
e Marìka- Hi normàlo te raćen o manuśa. Naśtǐg te putren o muj nùma te phenen variso vasno, seriòzo, intelektuàlo... Kana des dùma e averença, ćaćes phenes variso so dikhlǎn ja śundǎn, odolesqe so maj anglal phendèhas tuqe, nùma vi andar-o blablabla kerel pes amalǐpo, paśipo. Zuralǒl e ʒenenqi relàcia. Taj maśkar śel, duj śela vòrbi so śunes, ko ʒanel, jekh śaj te del tut jekh interesànto tuqe informàcia... But informàcii so rodiòmas kurkença, arakhlǒm len p-o agor and-o raćipo taj o vòrbi so phenes tu khanćesqe..
e Tamàra- Na ʒanav, na birav e manuśen so den dùma e balvalǎqe...
e lala- Taj so keren tumen akanak??
Today's topic 1 >>
The previous past tense indicates an action which had been completed before another one in the past.
Click here to highlight the examples in the text >>
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CONSTATATIVE TENSES
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basic past
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present
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PROJECTIVE TENSES
futures:
(particles+present)
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previous past (present+sas)
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>>>>>
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continuous past (basic past + sas)
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or with the example of the verb dikhel:
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CONSTATATIVE TENSES
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dikhlǒm
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dikhav
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PROJECTIVE TENSES
futures:
dikhàva [> dikhō], si te dikhav,
śaj [te] dikhav...
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dikhlǒmas
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>>>>>
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dikhàvas
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The plain future is made by means of the unstressed particle, or ending a, which is added to the verb. As a matter of fact, the present day O-mu dialect developped specific pronunciations for some of these compound endings, for example K av+a > K +ō, K +es+a > K +èhe and K +as+a > K +àhaas exemplified below:
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singular
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plural
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obselete
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present-day
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obselete
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present-day
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dikhàva
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dikhō
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dikhàsa
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dikhàha
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dikhèsa
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dikhèhe
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dikhèna
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dikhèna
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dikhèla
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dikhèla
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dikhèna
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dikhèna
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GR Click for more details >>
The projective expressions si te, śaj te, naśtig te or simply te belong to the family of the future (the te of śaj te, naśtig te is most often dropped in colloquial speech).
In areas where the majority language, at least in its colloquial form, lacks the previous past and/or the continuous past, the local Rromani vernacular have also lost them.
As far as the copula to be is concerned, the table is much simpler (three tenses):
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CONSTATATIVE TENSES
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lacking
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dikhav
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PROJECTIVE TENSES
futures:
ovàva [> ovō], si te ovav, śaj [te] ovav...
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lacking
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>>>>>
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hòmas
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Note: the form sas of the copula is used in most vernaculars to coin composed tenses (previous and continuous past tenses), albeit other forms may be encountered locally in this fonction, as for example sine, hine, -ne etc...
See GR
Today's topic 2 >>
To summarize let us tabulate the forms of the interrogative pronoun denoting a person (left) and a thing (right):
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A-ćham
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ko?
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who?
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so?
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what?
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B-ćham
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kas?
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whom?
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lacking
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B-qe
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kas-qe?
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for whom?
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sos-qe?
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litt. for what?
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B-ça
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*kas-ça > ka-ça?
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with whom?
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*sos-ça > so-ça?
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with what?
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B-qo, -qi, -qe
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kas-qo, -qi, -qe?
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whose?
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lacking
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B-θe
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kas-θe?
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at/to whom?
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sos-θe?
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at/to what?
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B-θar
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kas-θar?
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from whom?
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sos-θar?
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litt. from what?
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You probably remember Kasqi ćhaj isinan? (padmad 2) – a structure now clarified.
The forms sosqe and sosθar mean almost always why. Sosqo is used for asking what kind of: phen manqe sosqe Rroma hi le von.
Idioms and proverbs >>
The proverb quoted by the aunt correspond to EN the walls have ears (US variant during WWII Loose lips sink ships).
